Working principle of pyrolysis equipment

The working principle of pyrolysis equipment is mainly based on the thermochemical process, through high temperature heating to decompose materials (such as solid waste, sludge, biomass, etc.) in an anaerobic or anoxic environment, generating combustible gas, liquid and solid residue. The following is a detailed explanation of the working principle of the pyrolysis equipment:

First, basic principles

Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process in which the chemical bonds of macromolecular organic compounds in materials are broken by high temperature heating to form small molecular compounds. These small molecular compounds are further decomposed or recombined at high temperatures to produce oil and gas, flammable gases (such as methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, etc.) and solid residues (such as carbon black, ash, etc.).

Two, the main components and functions

Pyrolysis equipment usually consists of the following main components:

1. Feed system: used to transport the material to be treated to the pyrolysis reactor. The feed system must have the function of preventing impurities in the material from clogging the equipment, usually including conveyor belts, screw conveyors, etc.

2. Pyrolysis system: The core of the pyrolysis system is the pyrolysis reactor, which is usually in the form of rotary kiln, fluidized bed or fixed bed. The heating system in the reactor provides the required high temperature environment, so that the material can undergo pyrolysis reaction under the condition of hypoxia or no oxygen.

3. Heating system: Provide high temperature heat source for pyrolysis reactor. The heating system can use electric heating, gas heating or oil heating, depending on the economy and equipment design.

4. Condensation system: used for cooling and recovery of oil and gas. The oil and gas becomes a gas at high temperatures and condenses into liquid oil after cooling through a condensation system for recovery. Condensing system usually includes condenser, oil-water separator and other equipment.

5. Gas purification system: used to deal with the generated flammable gas, remove impurities and harmful components, so that it meets the requirements of use. The gas purification system may include equipment such as precipitators, scrubbers, and adsorption towers.

6. Residue treatment system: used to collect and treat the solid residue generated during the pyrolysis process. Useful components such as carbon black in the residue can be further processed and utilized, while useless parts are properly disposed of.

3. Application fields

Pyrolysis equipment is widely used in the fields of waste treatment, resource recovery and energy utilization. For example, sludge pyrolysis equipment can convert oily mud into usable oil and gas, carbon black and combustible gases; The low-temperature magnetized pyrolysis furnace can treat solid wastes such as domestic waste and medical waste. High-temperature pyrolysis gasifiers can convert solid fuels such as biomass and coal into usable energy sources such as syngas.

In summary, the pyrolysis equipment decomposes the material through high temperature heating, generating combustible gas, liquid and solid residue, and realizing the resource utilization of waste and energy recovery. With the enhancement of environmental awareness and the continuous progress of technology, pyrolysis equipment will play an important role in more fields.